Suchergebnisse

The essay explores what recent trends in international and religious (in particular, Catholic) history have to offer one another. On the one hand, the transformation of imperial history into global history and a new attention for the role of non-state actors in international politics are opening the eyes of international historians to religion as one of the main forces shaping the modern world. On the other hand, historians of religion are rediscovering the essentially transnational nature of their subject, and its enmeshment with politics at every turn. In the history of Catholicism, this takes the form of an aggiornamento of 'old-fashioned' themes such as ultramontanism, missionary expansion and the papacy. After having drifted apart for half a century, the two subdisciplines thus increasingly appear as natural allies in reconsidering the master narrative of modernity. The concept of 'religious internationalism', illustrated here through its Catholic variety, allows us to 'think together' the different aspects of religion's transformation into worldwide mass movements, and to grasp the key role of religion in creating a global public sphere that was conditioned by international politics, but in turn also refashioned the international system.

The political & politicoreligious writings of Paul de Lagarde are analyzed to determine their impact on the policies of the German National Socialist movement during the early 20th century. It is contended that Lagarde's proposals for national reform merely foreshadow Nazi policies; moreover, while the Lagarde of the 1870s is delineated as radical, the Lagarde of the 1880s is simply an unorthodox conservative. An overview of Lagarde's views on religion explicates his theory of the history of religion, his reproach of the liberal Zeitgeist, & his perspective on a new religious movement. Lagarde's national reform proposals covered the political role of the state vs the biological/spiritual role of the nation, religion & education, Jewish inhabitation of Germany, politics & society, & the unification of Germany with Austria. Although his problematic definition of religion & his support of using force to overcome national opponents would have transformed Germany into a modern Rome, it is concluded that Nazi ideology was a product of the 20th century, not Lagarde's theories. J. W. Parker

Intro -- Contents / Table des matières -- Preface -- Préface -- Tocqueville Revisited -- Catholic Republicanism Revisited -- « Démocratie catholique » et « démocratie chrétienne » -- The Influence of Catholic Socio-Political Theory on the Foundations of the Belgian Welfare State -- Rethinking the Origins of the Catholic Party in Liberal Italy -- Le catholicisme social dans le cône sud-américain -- Le MRP et le père Lebret à la Libération -- Perceptions and Realities -- Pillarization and Occupation in Dutch History -- Modern Ethno-National Visions and Missionaries from the Low Countries at China's Edge -- World Missions as a Field of Inspiration for New Vatican Strategies -- A Pope's Dilemma -- La réconciliation franco-italienne pour une Europe nouvelle -- Peace in the Magisterium of Twentieth-Century Popes -- L'internationalisme catholique des années 1920 -- Common and Different Interests since World War II -- The Cultural Political Perspective on the Benelux in Post-War -- 'We the peoples' -- Bibliography -- Contributors / Contributeurs -- Colophon.

The contributions in this book provide insight into the multifaceted history of the interaction between religion and colonization.

In the second half of the nineteenth century a new kind of social and cultural actor came to the fore: the expert. During this period complex processes of modernization, industrialization, urbanization, and nation-building gained pace, particularly in Western Europe and North America. These processes created new forms of specialized expertise that grew in demand and became indispensible in fields like sanitation, incarceration, urban planning, and education. Often the expertise needed stemmed from problems at a local or regional level, but many transcended nation-state borders. Experts helped shape a new transnational sphere by creating communities that crossed borders and languages, sharing knowledge and resources through those new communities, and by participating in special events such as congresses and world fairs